«СЬОГОДНІ КОЖЕН ПОЛІТИК ПОВИНЕН ЗБЛИЗИТИСЬ З НАРОДОМ»: УКРАЇНСЬКІ КОНСЕРВАТИВНІ СЕРЕДОВИЩА В ГАЛИЧИНІ НА ЗЛАМІ ХІХ–ХХ СТОЛІТЬ У КОНТЕКСТІ КОНСЕРВАТИВНИХ РУХІВ СЛОВ’ЯНСЬКИХ НАРОДІВ ЦИСЛЕЙТАНІЇ

Conservative movements and environments were an integral part of the ideological and political mosaic of the Habsburg monarchy during the 19th and early 20th century, in particular among the Slavic nations of its Austrian part – Cisleithania: Ukrainians, Poles, Slovenians, and Czechs. According to the complexity of conservatism as a research object, it is difficult to find or create its «canonical» type. In the article, the author made an attempt to establish at least a list of general and common fundamental principles for all conservatives. Moreover, analyzed in the article, environments of conservative thought and practices illustrate this problem strongly. Despite all differences in the social structure, ideas, or practical steps, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech and Slovenian conservatives had a lot in common. In order to trace both similarities and differences, a comparative analysis in the article is concentrated on several key issues: a brief overview of these environments formations; types of their reaction to changes in the socio-political life of the era – first of all, joining to the political processes of a much larger number of people than ever before; perception of the ideology of nationalism and it is a consequence – radicalization of the society; opposition to socialism in socio-economic issues and their own alternatives; attitude towards the role of church and religion in the private and public space. Comparison of these topics is supplemented by considering not numerous but essential examples of practical cooperation between the studied conservative environments. A significant example of such cooperation was the existence of the common conservative Ukrainian-Slovenian-Croatian faction in the parliament of Cisleithania in 1897–1904. By means of this faction, conservatives, including Ukrainian ones, got much better opportunities to realize their ideas and political programs. The analysis shows that, despite the differences between Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, and Slovenian conservative movements in the Habsburg Empire, they faced comparable challenges at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Sometimes similar, sometimes different ways of responding to this dilemma show a traditional heterogeneity of conservatism and the general similarity of the political fate of this idea in the analyzed era.

сonservatism, Cisleithania, Halychyna Russophiles, Ukrainian Christian-social movement, «Stańczycy», «Podolacy», «Old-Czech» party, party of Czech aristocracy («velkostatku»), Slovenian Catholic movemen