«ХЛОПИ І ПОПИ» В ЧАС «МІСЬКОЇ» ПОЛІТИКИ. УЧАСТЬ СЕЛЯН-РУСИНІВ І ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОГО ДУХОВЕНСТВА В МАСОВИХ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ЗАХОДАХ У ЛЬВОВІ КІНЦЯ ХІХ СТ.

The article describes the process of including the Ukrainian peasantry and clergy in the modern political process of the late nineteenth century. At a time when politics in Galicia is entering a mass phase. Accordingly, the mobilization of supporters and the demonstration of mass support are becoming more relevant. It is shown how Ukrainians deal with this situation, when peasants from the province were invited for political activity in the city of Lviv. It is illustrated how the symbolic and organizational role of the Greek Catholic Church, as well as the mass support of the peasants, became arguments in political life. Specifi c examples of the new «urban» policy are demonstrated. In particular, the article deals with the «First National Assembly of Ruthenians in Lviv» of 1880, the «Second National  Assembly of Ruthenians» of 1883, and the «General Meeting of Ruthenians of the City of Lviv» of 1884. And also with two events dedicated to the anniversary of the Brest Union – the «Catholic Assembly» in Lviv and the celebration of the 400th anniversary of the Union in 1896. It is shown how imperial anniversaries were used to hold their national demonstrations. For example, the fi rst «national assembly» of 1880 was also held as a «national holiday of freedom and equality», on the 100th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Joseph II. And the second, in 1883 – as a commemoration of the anniversary of the death of Emperor Ferdinand I, whose signature in 1848 abolished serfdom. The diffi cult relations between popular politicians and senior clergy are highlighted. For example, how hierarchs avoided certain measures. It is shown how a place of solemn services (in the Cathedral of St. George or in the Church of the Assumption) testifi ed to their relationship. And how mass gatherings were used by politicians to put pressure on the hierarchs of the Church. In particular, on the issue of «Jesuit reform» of Basilian monasteries. The jubilee events of 1896 illustrate how Greek Catholic hierarchs were able to seize the initiative from political activists. How they themselves organized the peasants and involved them in their celebrations. And also how they tried to combine loyalty to local and central government, to the Vatican and to the national project. It is shown how each event found a response in the then Polish and Ukrainian press, what arguments were used by political opponents. In particular, with regard to such new phenomena as mass demonstrations and the participation of peasants in them, the traditionally «non-political» stratum. 

mass politics, assembly, demonstration, Lviv, peasants, clergy.